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What is progesterone?

Progesterone is a hormone produced primarily by the ovaries in females, with smaller amounts produced by the adrenal glands. Serving a critical role in the menstrual cycle, progesterone fluctuates, peaking during the luteal phase (after ovulation) and declining before menstruation. Normal levels are necessary for regular menstrual cycles, fertility, embryo implantation, and pregnancy maintenance. In addition to its role in reproductive health, this hormone also influences mood, sleep, and overall well-being.

Why is progesterone important?

Progesterone plays a critical role in numerous physiological processes, making it essential for maintaining overall health. SiPhox Health includes progesterone in both our Fertility+ Panel and Hormone+ and Fertility Panel for women to help monitor and manage progesterone levels. Inadequate progesterone levels in the United States can cause menstrual irregularities, infertility, and increased risk of miscarriage. According to the Cleveland Clinic, maintaining balanced progesterone levels is crucial for reproductive health and overall well-being.

How can I better understand my progesterone levels?

Progesterone levels in females are typically measured in nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) of blood. Normal progesterone levels vary depending on the menstrual cycle phase, pregnancy status, and individual health factors.

The American Board of Internal Medicine defines normal progesterone levels as:

  • Female (follicular phase): 0.02 – 0.9 ng/mL
  • Female (luteal phase): 2 – 30 ng/mL
  • Male (adult): 0.12 – 0.3 ng/mL

Lower than normal progesterone levels may occur during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle or in conditions such as anovulation (absence of ovulation), luteal phase defect, or certain hormonal disorders. Additional testing and medical evaluation are essential to identify the underlying cause and determine appropriate management.

Higher than normal progesterone levels may occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle or pregnancy. Elevated levels do not typically negatively impact health. In non-pregnant individuals, elevated progesterone levels may indicate conditions such as ovarian cysts, adrenal disorders, or certain medications. Further evaluation by a healthcare provider is necessary to determine the underlying cause.

How can I maintain optimal progesterone levels?

If you need to maintain or adjust your progesterone levels consider the following strategies:

Dietary Changes: Both macronutrient and mineral intake may affect progesterone levels. Cleveland Clinic suggests that foods rich in zinc, vitamin C, vitamin B, and magnesium may help support healthy progesterone levels. Additionally, higher intake of synthetic folate was significantly associated with higher luteal progesterone levels, according to a 2012 study.

Lifestyle Changes: Managing stress using techniques such as mindfulness, meditation, deep breathing exercises, and adequate sleep can help balance progesterone levels.

Where can I learn more?

DISCLAIMER: IF YOU ARE CONCERNED WITH ANY OF YOUR RESULTS, PLEASE CONSULT WITH YOUR PHYSICIAN.