ApoB
ApoB is an atherogenic (forms plaques in arteries) particle that transports "bad" cholesterol. Studies show that ApoB is a better predictor of cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction than LDL-C.
ApoA1
The main protein component of HDL-C particles, ApoA1 is involved in cholesterol transport and clearance.
HDL-C
Known as "good" cholesterol, HDL-C helps remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream.
LDL-C
Often referred to as "bad" cholesterol, LDL-C contributes to plaque buildup in arteries.
ApoB:ApoA1 Ratio
The ApoB:ApoA1 ratio is used to assess cardiovascular risk, with higher ratios typically indicating a lower risk of heart disease.
Triglycerides
Triglycerides are a type of fat found in the blood, used for energy storage, and high levels can increase the risk of heart disease.
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) regulates the production of hormones by the thyroid gland, essential for metabolism and energy regulation.
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that regulates the growth, development, and reproductive processes of the ovaries and testes.
Estradiol (E2)
Estradiol is a form of estrogen, a hormone produced primarily by the ovaries, that plays a crucial role in the regulation of the menstrual cycle, reproductive system, and secondary sexual characteristics.
Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c)
HbA1c (Hemoglobin A1c) is a blood test that measures the average blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months, used to diagnose and monitor diabetes.
High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP)
hs-CRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) is a marker of inflammation in the body, often used to assess the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Fasting Insulin
Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells.
Cortisol
Cortisol is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that regulates metabolism, immune response, and stress.
Vitamin D
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin essential for calcium absorption, bone health, and immune function.
Testosterone
Testosterone is a primary male sex hormone responsible for the development of reproductive tissues and secondary sexual characteristics.
DHEA-S
DHEA-S is a hormone that serves as a precursor for testosterone and estrogen, the primary sex hormones for males and females. As a result, DHEA-S levels can provide a glimpse into an individual's sexual and reproductive health.
Ferritin
Ferritin is a protein that stores iron in the body, with levels indicating the amount of stored iron.
Homocysteine
Homocysteine is a naturally produced amino acid that is metabolized to create other compounds, and high homocysteine levels are associated with elevated risks for cardiovascular diseases and neurological disorders.
Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH)
AMH (Anti-Müllerian Hormone) is a hormone produced by ovarian follicles that serves as a marker of a woman's ovarian reserve and fertility potential.
Testosterone
Testosterone is a primary male sex hormone responsible for the development of reproductive tissues and secondary sexual characteristics.
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH) is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that triggers ovulation and stimulates the production of sex hormones in the ovaries and testes.
Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG)
Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG) is a protein that binds to sex hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen, regulating their bioavailability and activity in the body.
Prolactin (PRL)
Prolactin is a hormone that is known for playing a role in regulating milk production after childbirth in women and for regulating testosterone production in men. Irregularities in prolactin levels can indicate issues with an individual's pituitary gland.
Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA)
Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) is a protein produced by the prostate gland, and its levels are measured to screen for and monitor prostate health, including the detection of prostate cancer.
Albumin
Albumin is a protein produced by the liver that helps maintain blood volume and pressure by regulating the oncotic pressure of blood.
B12
Vitamin B12 is an essential nutrient that supports red blood cell formation, neurological function, and DNA synthesis.
Folate
Folate (Vitamin B9) is a crucial nutrient that supports DNA synthesis, red blood cell formation, and proper brain function, especially important during pregnancy for fetal development.
DHEA-S
DHEA-S is a hormone that serves as a precursor for testosterone and estrogen, the primary sex hormones for males and females. As a result, DHEA-S levels can provide a glimpse into an individual's sexual and reproductive health.
Estradiol (E2)
Estradiol is a form of estrogen, a hormone produced primarily by the ovaries, that plays a crucial role in the regulation of the menstrual cycle, reproductive system, and secondary sexual characteristics.
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that regulates the growth, development, and reproductive processes of the ovaries and testes.
Free T3
Free T3 (Free Triiodothyronine) is a measure of the active form of triiodothyronine, a thyroid hormone that regulates metabolism, energy production, and development.
Free T4
Free T4 (Free Thyroxine) is a measure of the active form of thyroxine, a hormone produced by the thyroid gland that regulates metabolism, growth, and development.
Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody (TPOAb)
TPOAb (Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody) are autoantibodies that often indicate autoimmune thyroid diseases like Hashimoto's thyroiditis or Graves' disease.
Progesterone
Progesterone is a hormone involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis, primarily produced in the ovaries.
Testosterone
Testosterone is a primary male sex hormone responsible for the development of reproductive tissues and secondary sexual characteristics.
DNA Methylation
A DNA methylation test analyzes the methylation patterns of DNA, often used to assess biological age, epigenetic changes related to aging, disease, and environmental factors.
ApoB
ApoB is an atherogenic (forms plaques in arteries) particle that transports "bad" cholesterol. Studies show that ApoB is a better predictor of cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction than LDL-C.
LDL-C
Often referred to as "bad" cholesterol, LDL-C contributes to plaque buildup in arteries.
HDL-C
Known as "good" cholesterol, HDL-C helps remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream.
Triglycerides
Triglycerides are a type of fat found in the blood, used for energy storage, and high levels can increase the risk of heart disease.
High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP)
hs-CRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) is a marker of inflammation in the body, often used to assess the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c)
HbA1c (Hemoglobin A1c) is a blood test that measures the average blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months, used to diagnose and monitor diabetes.
Total Cholesterol
Total cholesterol is the sum of all cholesterol types in the blood used to assess cardiovascular health.
Homocysteine
Homocysteine is a naturally produced amino acid that is metabolized to create other compounds, and high homocysteine levels are associated with elevated risks for cardiovascular diseases and neurological disorders.
Fasting Insulin
Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells.
Fasting Glucose
Fasting glucose, also known as fasting blood sugar, serves as an important indicator of how effectively the body can regulate blood sugar levels.
HOMA-IR
HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance) is a method used to quantify insulin resistance and beta-cell function.
Triglyceride:HDL Ratio
The triglyceride:HDL ratio is a marker used to assess cardiovascular and metabolic risk, with a higher ratio indicating a greater risk.
ApoB:ApoA1 Ratio
The ApoB:ApoA1 ratio is used to assess cardiovascular risk, with higher ratios typically indicating a lower risk of heart disease.
ALT
ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase) is an enzyme found primarily in the liver, and elevated levels can indicate liver damage or disease.
Creatinine
Creatinine is a waste product from muscle metabolism, typically measured in blood and urine to assess kidney function.
eGFR
eGFR (estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate) is a measure of kidney function that estimates how well blood is filtered by the kidneys, helping to diagnose and monitor kidney disease.
Lp(a)
Lp(a) (Lipoprotein(a)) is a type of lipoprotein that carries cholesterol in the blood, associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) regulates the production of hormones by the thyroid gland, essential for metabolism and energy regulation.
ApoA1
The main protein component of HDL-C particles, ApoA1 is involved in cholesterol transport and clearance.
Cortisol
Cortisol is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that regulates metabolism, immune response, and stress.
ALT
ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase) is an enzyme found primarily in the liver, and elevated levels can indicate liver damage or disease.
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)
AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase) is an enzyme found in various tissues, including the liver and heart, with elevated levels indicating potential liver damage or disease.
Albumin
Albumin is a protein produced by the liver that helps maintain blood volume and pressure by regulating the oncotic pressure of blood.
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is a measure of the amount of nitrogen in the blood in the form of urea, used to assess kidney function.
Creatinine
Creatinine is a waste product from muscle metabolism, typically measured in blood and urine to assess kidney function.
Bilirubin
Bilirubin, a marker of liver function, is a yellow pigment formed by the breakdown of red blood cells, primarily processed by the liver and excreted in bile.
eGFR
eGFR (estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate) is a measure of kidney function that estimates how well blood is filtered by the kidneys, helping to diagnose and monitor kidney disease.
Fasting Glucose
Fasting glucose, also known as fasting blood sugar, serves as an important indicator of how effectively the body can regulate blood sugar levels.
Lp(a)
Lp(a) (Lipoprotein(a)) is a type of lipoprotein that carries cholesterol in the blood, associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Cadmium
Cadmium is a known carcinogen, increasing the risk of lung, prostate, and kidney cancer. Learn more about preventing cadmium exposure here.
Copper
Copper is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in iron metabolism, the formation of red blood cells, and the maintenance of overall health, blood vessels, nerves and immune function.
Mercury
Mercury is a toxic heavy metal that can cause harmful effects on the nervous, digestive, and immune systems. Mercury exposure primarily occurs through the consumption of contaminated seafood, occupational exposure, and the use of mercury-containing products.
Selenium
Selenium is an essential trace mineral important for many bodily processes, including the production of antioxidant enzymes that protect against oxidative stress and inflammation.
Zinc
Zinc is an essential trace element that is a key component of over 300 enzymes involved in metabolic processes, immune function, and normal development.
Magnesium
Magnesium is integral to maintaining healthy bone structure, supporting cardiovascular health by regulating blood pressure, and aiding in blood glucose control.
ALT
ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase) is an enzyme found primarily in the liver, and elevated levels can indicate liver damage or disease.
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)
AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase) is an enzyme found in various tissues, including the liver and heart, with elevated levels indicating potential liver damage or disease.
Albumin
Albumin is a protein produced by the liver that helps maintain blood volume and pressure by regulating the oncotic pressure of blood.
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is a measure of the amount of nitrogen in the blood in the form of urea, used to assess kidney function.
Creatinine
Creatinine is a waste product from muscle metabolism, typically measured in blood and urine to assess kidney function.
Bilirubin
Bilirubin, a marker of liver function, is a yellow pigment formed by the breakdown of red blood cells, primarily processed by the liver and excreted in bile.